Examine the view that ‘successful families need two loving heterosexual parents’

his statement represents the view that the typical family is a nuclear family; that is: 2 generations of parents & children living together in 1 household, & legally married, and that the nuclear family is the ideal. Murdock claimed that the nuclear family is universal and for any society to exist four basic functions [functional requisites] must be fulfilled. These are > Reproduction – to produce the next generation. > Sexual – to control sexual behaviour, to prevent conflict between adult males over women. > Socialisation – to prepare children for their wider social roles. > Economic – to survive economically the male acts as breadwinner & the female as carer. Functionalists would say these are essential for social life, since without the sexual and reproductive functions, there would be no members of society, without the economic function, life would cease, and without education [socialisation] there would be no culture. Human society without culture could not function. Not all families fit Murdock's definition of family. There are examples of ‘social arrangements' or ‘families' that contradict Murdock's definition. One example being the ‘new world black family'. Generally these families are Matrifocal and mother-centred and consist of a woman and her dependant children and do not include an adult male. The mother is the main carer and breadwinner and rely's on help from female kin relatives. Another example is ‘The Nayer' of south India. After marriage the husband did not live with his wife nor was he under any obligation to have any further contact with her. The males in the household would be either uncles or brothers but not the biological father. These male kin would serve the economical & socialisation roles within the family. Gay, lesbian & lone parent families also contradict Murdock's definition. The lone parent family has only one gender role to follow, – the carer, breadwinner role, is undertaken by one adult, as well as the economic factor again undertaken by one adult. The lone parent can still maintain a sexual relationship outside of the family unit; therefore the sexual factor is still maintained. Reproduction can start without sexual contact, as the lone parent tends to rear the children in the early years, and then educational establishment assists. Even with only one gender role to be followed, socialisation prepares children for their wider social and gender roles. It would be fair to say that Murdock did not take into account the various diversities within the family, such as structural & cultural diversities. The family is socially constructed and varies from one culture to another. To say that ‘successful families need two loving heterosexual parents' is a very narrow functionalist view of the family. People are now choosing to have different types of family life, and it is more socially acceptable. Many families are no longer conventional but society still exists.

Classification of Computer Users

Steven Cespedes Egan College Writing January 9th, 2012 Classification of Computer Users The sound of the keyboard typing away and the clicking of the mouse throughout the night has become a normal occurrence in  every  American household. Staying up until two or three in the morning browsing the web has become a characteristic of many computer users today. Since the personal computer has been invented life, work, and pleasure have changed drastically. With the creation of the internet, the possibilities with computers are all but endless. People now have the ability to communicate with others from all over the world. With both of these technologies  working together, computers have become a necessity for homes and businesses everywhere. Although the majority of computers are similar in concept, different people use them in different ways. Some use their computers for work and others as a source of entertainment. As long as the world exists, there will be several different types of computer users. The hacker is one type of computer user, they spend most of  their  time electronically breaking into other computer’s. The word hacker is synonymous with internet crimes, however hackers are highly intelligent individuals with a vast knowledge of computers. They spend their time trying to break through security systems of various networks connected to the internet. Hackers are infamous for infiltrating CIA databases, credit card companies, or more recently the PlayStation Network and wreaking havoc. These people stay up for hours looking for codes and passwords for various systems on the internet in the hopes of obtaining some sort of valuable information. There are many websites and forums dedicated to this past time which educates the general public as well as new hackers to their game. They know how the computers operate and are usually very familiar with programming languages, so they can create their own programs to break passwords. Half of the time hackers are not hurting anybody by the activities they perform, they just do it for the experience and for bragging rights within the hacker community. [pic] The gamers are the people who spend their time playing games online. These are the people who stay up to till dawn raiding, shooting, and racing with other people on the internet. There are many games which incorporate the online play such as World of Warcraft and Call of Duty to name a couple. However there are many other games such as The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim and Half Life 2 that offer offline play that is just as popular. The first thing that gamers do when they get on the computer is to check if their friends are playing online. Most of these gamers even add special accessories to enhance their online gaming experience such as a microphone to talk to other players or a joystick that can be used instead of a keyboard. These types of computer users are easily identified, as they often wear licensed game t-shirts around town. The main purpose of the computer for a gamer is to play various games and learn everything they can about each game. These individuals are addicted to playing games online, and can be found staring at their computer screen until the sun comes up. The shoppers are the people who are constantly surfing the internet searching for the newest clothes or gadgets. These are the people who watch Ebay auctions for days, waiting until the last second to outbid everyone else. They will browse hundreds of websites looking for the best bargain. Instead of going to the malls and doing their shopping, they will sit in their chair for hours on end, visiting various websites on the internet. They use the internet to research the newest fashion rather than spending that time to work or study. Internet shoppers are addicted to purchasing goods online because of the ease of having it shipped straight to their door. This use of the computer usually serves to be the most expensive because of all of the money involved in purchases. Downloaders are the people who use the computer mainly for the purpose of downloading anything that is free. These are the people who leave their computers on all day and throughout the night downloading music, movies, and anything else that is available. Torrents are very popular due to the ease of access to the mass amounts of data made accessible to anyone with internet access. The legality of these acts is questionable, but torrent sites somehow manage to get around copyright infringements. Downloaders are constantly working under the radar to get their hands on the newest software for no charge. Downloaders are usually interested in computers with lots of hard drive space to store their data on. [pic] The workers are the people who use their computer for no other purpose than making money. These are the people who are constantly checking if a client has emailed them back, or making corrections to tomorrow's sales report. Workers usually prefer to use laptop computers for the ease of transporting their data from home to work. Many workers may actually own two computers, one for business and one for pleasure. They usually have the newest and fastest computers, since they can afford them. These people have no problem sitting in a chair typing for eight hours a day if they are paid well to do so. Workers may be the most proficient with a computer due to the fact that they are professionals. [pic] The Social Networkers are the people who spend most of their time socializing over the internet. These are the people who spend may spend more time on Facebook and Twitter than they do talking to real people. They are constantly updating their status and sharing links on their friend's walls. They spend hours typing away, meeting new people, and making new friends in this online community. Social Networkers enjoy posting about their everyday life, letting every one of their friends (or followers) know exactly what they're doing around the clock. They will â€Å"like† pages to notify others of their interests, and seek others with similar interests. Social Networks have turned into a competition of who can get the most friends or followers, which draws attention whores by the dozen. These are the people who you can see online Facebook chat half of the day even when they are at work or in school. Each type of user is similar in the way that they spend many hours in front of their computer screen typing away the day and into the night. Computers have made life much easier for some people and have opened numerous doors to many others. The computer has had a major impact on life as we know it, creating jobs everywhere, giving us entertainment when we are bored, and connecting everyone no matter their location in the world. No matter what lifestyle you live, the computer can cater to each one.

Ethics and Morality Essay

Explain the difference between ethics and morality. Define two ethical theories introduces in this course along with their proponents and the major criticisms of the theory. Ethics are the principles of conduct governing an individual or group and morals are our personal character. John was 32 when he died from asbestos, he was working at a corporation when he was in college and at this corporation is when he came in contact with asbestos. He delivered sheets of asbestos to hardware store when he came in contact with the asbestos. The manufacturers of the asbestos where aware of the dangers of their product and advised the corporation of the dangers but they did not advise their employees of these dangers. The corporation should of cared more about ethics because those workers depended on them to help define the boundaries of acceptable and unacceptable behavior. This costs the corporation because of ethical lapses also by fines and legal fees because of the issues and lives lost to their negligence. John Manville a manufacturer of specialty building products goes beyond all legal and ethical responsibilities by placing warning labels on all of his fiberglass products and the fiberglass products shipped overseas because of the 150,000 lawsuits filed because of the exposure of asbestos. These warnings are not required by law, but he cares about people and his employees. So he is ethical responsibility by doing so. Mary Mary is a student in your class. As you prepare for your final exam comprised of essay questions, you notice her copying and pasting her responses directly from the internet. The university has well known policies concerning academic dishonesty, and the consequences for violating them include expulsion. You know that Mary is the first in her family to attend college and that she’s on an academic scholarship. Her mother died the year before and she wants to finish school in time to take care of her eight younger siblings before social security benefits expire (5years). What would you do? What ethical theory influenced your decision? Describe the tenets of the ethical theory and why it influenced your decision. I would talk to Mary and explain again about the policies of the university of plagiarism and I saw her copy and paste from the internet and that is illegal to do so. I know that she is under due stress with her siblings but she needs to concentrate on her studies and do what is right and use the universities guidelines while she is in school. Her education is so important for her to accomplish her dreams and if she needs help go to the school counselor and explain what is going on in her life and seek guidance in helping her manage the time she needs for her studies I know it hard raising her siblings but there is help available. The ethical theory that influenced my decision was an article from Kantan Ethics which offers guidance on plagiarism and ethics he states â€Å" In his theory everyone should be treated equally under the moral law and your behavior determines the moral law you would desire for the word. † I think people have a tendency to rush through things and also lose track of time and try and take the fast way out of their studies and not think about the consequences that lie ahead of them. If I was a teacher I would approach the situation and let Mary know what she did and give her a chance to rewrite it and deduct points from her grade and advise her that if she did it again she would face the school and suffer the consequences. Globalization Describe how globalization has impacted the legal and ethical responsibilities of organizations. What are the long term consequences of this change? Globalization is the trend toward an integrated worldwide economy. Globalization is increasingly in marketing, finance, production and logistics. Politics has created global opportunities economics has provided the incentives and technology the means. Globalization is a process in which local lives are increasingly influenced by global forces leading to greater cultural interactions. Globalization increases our exposure to different ethical norms. We should be sensitive to other people ‘cultural perceptions of what is right and wrong and understand the systems that organizations deal with ethical issues. The long term consequences that we need to understand the culture. Globalization may also bring products that would otherwise not be available to countries. Globalization would also distribute income and jobs where everyone could benefit. References 1. UofP Boylan, M (2009) Basic Ethics (2nd ed) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. 2. www. ehow. com/about_6464829_ethical_issues_regarding plagiarism 3. www. ile. com/publications/papers/papers/papers. efm?

English Grade 12 - Death of a Salesman essay assignment

English Grade 12 - Death of a Salesman assignment - Essay Example He puts no stock in the moral values of honesty and hard work and thus lays the groundwork for his own failure. The major causes of Willy’s death were his own illusions, wrong values and the shattering of his false dreams. Willy is at the bottom of the social ladder in a capitalistic world. although he loves physical work like gardening and building things he refuses to become a carpenter believing that such work is lowly and being a salesman is better paying and more praiseworthy. When Biff suggests that the Lomans should be â€Å"mixing cement on some open plain, or ... be a carpenter,† Willy replies that, â€Å"your grandfather was better than a carpenter.† This clearly shows that Willys illusion of greatness got in the way of his happiness. He is unhappy because the work he enjoys doing is beneath him and he is no good at the work he does (sales). To cover his false ideals Willy develops the belief that if a person is popular and attractive, then all doors will automatically be opened for him. When he was young, he had met Dave Singleman a salesman who according to Willy was highly successful. Singleman was so popular that he was able to make a living merely by staying in his hotel room and calling buyers. When Singleman died, buyers and salesmen from all over the country came to his funeral. Willy has made Singleman his ideal and wishes to become as popular and successful as him. He creates an illusion of success for himself and these illusions replace reality in Willys mind. He tells lies about how well liked he is in all of his towns, and how vital he is to New England. In one of his flashbacks he tells his sons â€Å"You take me, for instance. I never have to wait in line to see a buyer. â€Å"Willy Loman is here!† That’s all they have to know, and I go right trough.† This is a clear indication of Willy’s belief in his own lies, and his inability to

Discussion 9- economics-tactics for competitors Assignment

Discussion 9- economics-tactics for competitors - Assignment Example Large scale entry-deterrence is evident in the airline industry (McGuigan, Moyer, & Harris, 2008). Some entry-deterring strategies include capacity expansion, limiting prices and predatory pricing. Incumbents in the airline industry adjust their prices to neutralize the threat of entry in the airline bsiness. Adjusting prices limits contestability in the market. Incumbents can charge low prices before entry, charge low prices to push new firms out of business and shape expectations of new firms towards competition. Competition from southwest airlines and other firms results in the reduction of fares in the airline industry. The approach of limiting prices is to deter new firms from entering the market. Entry of firms such as southwest and people express forces incumbent firms to develop entry-deterring strategies in order to reduce competition. The incumbents decide whether to adjust prices or enter the business with large scale carriers. In order for new firms to successfully enter the market, they need to analyze entry conditions into the market before making their decisions. Before starting business new firms must understand the extent of entry barriers, consequences of ent ry barriers and develop counter measures to these

Global and Substantive Revision Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global and Substantive Revision - Coursework Example The analysis directed in the paper initially gives a statistical snapshot of ration within the American population affected by obesity. Additionally, the theoretical aspects towards the food consumption trends are listed showcasing the change in food tendency since the year 1990. This occurrence is progressively documented towards a dedicated and oriented future population that exercises healthy eating habits. The key argument in the paper although lacks a broad and exemplified demonstration of how the proposed approaches for solving the unhealthy eating habits would improve and promote healthy eating trends. For example, the development of healthy foods via the use of technology ought to have been thoroughly emphasized on through the use of instances like food processing plants or industries. The sources and evidence material used in this paper are appropriately referred to within the text of the document. The sources effectively fulfill and facilitate the conveyance of information to the reader through aiding them to achieve a better understanding of the opinion highlighted in the paper. The introduction described requires a clear and well defined subjective statement with original text expounding on the main topic of the paper. The information in the paper is directed towards the general population with the main aim of offering positive advice to the emergent trends and the suitable or healthy foods to consume as an individual. The paper categorically addresses the trends in human food consumption form the past to the present backed up with duly accredited sources that aid in further illustration of the prevailing eating trends. The organization, arrangement and general formatting of the information require review in order to offer a more presentable, informative and good looking paper. Certain section so of  the paper requires reconsideration in order to provide feasible and neat content that a reader would find interesting.  

Marketing a New Philosophy of Management Research Paper

Marketing a New Philosophy of Management - Research Paper Example The end of this study will find several considerable results. Its possible outcome involves significant improvement in the knowledge and understanding of most modern concepts of marketing. The study will give a new direction to future training and research work within the field of marketing. Over the years the marketing concept has certainly grown in popularity and status, finding application as a generic business philosophy in a wide range of contexts. However, the concept itself has remained essentially unchanged. A new concept of marketing encourages firms to have a posh name in order to succeed in today’s competition. Despite the often devout adherence to the concept as a normative pillar, in recent years writers such as Houston and Gassenheimer have challenged the marketing concept, arguing that much marketing activity is in fact about the forestalling of competition and the supremacy of markets, not consumer autonomy. (Wensley, 2005) Others have raised doubts about its role in improving the competitiveness of organizations. On the basis of empirical evidence, they have suggested that the implementation of the marketing concept has actually undefined competitiveness. These authors were among the first to question, perhaps unfairly, the value of the marketing concept. (Hooley and Lynch, 2003) But, the key point to which they helped to draw our attention was that the implementation of the marketing concept was becoming the Achilles heel of the discipline. In the absence of clear guidelines about how to put it into practice and make it effective, that which was left was little more than vacuous rhetoric. ( Samli, Palda, and Barker, 2008). This paper argues for the continued development and reappraisal of the marketing concept of something having a posh name. The main point is that the marketing concept, as it is often written about, assumes many of the characteristics of an ideology or an article of faith.

Spanish critical response (literature) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Spanish critical response (literature) - Essay Example los tiempos eran terribles para muchos. En esta escritura, el autor tiene una discusià ³n central en la cual el texto entero se centre alrededor. Todo a travà ©s del texto, el autor nos deja saber que el conocimiento es energà ­a. Él tambià ©n dice que para que un paà ­s a funcionar bien, la gente que lo està ¡ gobernando deba tener conocimiento apropiado de los asuntos. El conocimiento apropiado ayuda a la gente en energà ­a para ocuparse de los desafà ­os mejores, y a ayudas de este conocimiento mantener la unidad el paà ­s. El autor nos dice que para que la gente para tener conocimiento de los asuntos del paà ­s ella deba estudiar varias fuentes de las noticias. Si la gente que està ¡ en energà ­a no estudia estas cosas, la historia se repetirà ¡, y habrà ¡ siempre agitacià ³n.  ¿Cà ³mo han de salir de las universidades los gobernantes, si no hay universidad en Amà ©rica donde se enseà ±e lo rudimentario del arte del gobierno, que es el anà ¡lisis de los elementos peculiares de los pueblos de Amà ©rica? A adivinar salen los jà ³venes al mundo, con antiparras yanquis o francesas, y aspiran a dirigir un pueblo que no conocen. En la carrera de la polà ­tica habrà ­a de negarse la entrada a los que desconocen los rudimentos de la polà ­tica. El premio de los certà ¡menes no ha de ser para la mejor oda, sino para el mejor estudio de los factores del paà ­s en que se vive. En el perià ³dico, en la cà ¡tedra, en la academia, debe llevarse adelante el estudio de los factores reales del paà ­s. Conocerlos basta, sin vendas ni ambages; porque el que pone de lado, por voluntad u olvido, una parte de la verdad, cae a la larga por la verdad que le faltà ³, que crece en la negligencia, y derriba lo que se levanta sin ella. Resolver el problema despuà © s de conocer sus elementos, es mà ¡s fà ¡cil que resolver el problema sin conocerlos. Viene el hombre natural, indignado y fuerte, y derriba la justicia acumulada de los libros, porque no se administra en acuerdos con las necesidades

Comparing and Contrasting the book and movie Act of Valor Essay

Comparing and Contrasting the book and movie Act of Valor - Essay Example passionately. It is up to the Navy SEALs to find the terrorist groups and eliminate the threats. They embark on threat elimination missions in various parts of the world where their different units are stationed. The Action filled film is as captivating as it is enlightening. Unlike the common occurrence, the Act of valor film precedes the Act of Valor book. The film story writer wrote the story from a fictional original idea and the book authors borrowed their ideas and plot from the book. The book is written by Dick Couch and George Galdorisi. The book goes deep into the details in the description of the characters and the events that take place. This paper will compare and contrast the Films and the book, Act of Valor. The book is more accurate than the movie since it gives more details of the story and anyone looking for a thrilling action story should read it. Comparison and Contrast The Plot in both the book and the film is similar. The plot begins with the Navy SEALs team bein g dispatched on a rescue mission in Columbia where a U.S. CIA agent is held captive by an enemy group. The SEAL team seven is dispatched on a ship to perform the mission that is expected to be simple and fast but they later get information that there are plans underway to attack the U.S. The SEALs are then given intelligence information to embark on a global manhunt to stop the terrorists’ plan that is very well coordinated. The action moves from Chechnya shifting to the Philippines and later to Ukraine and Somalia where the SEALs conduct combat attacks to stop the terrorists. With each mission that the SEALs accomplish, a new puzzle is served to them and they are sent out to join the pieces in different parts of the world where the terrorists are stationed. The Film and the book capture the lives of the SEALs members and how the missions affect them and their families back at home. The action filled plot turns into an emotional rollercoaster once in a while when the lives an d worries of the SEALs are detailed (McCoy & Wuagh). The characters in both the movie and in the book are the same. The book writers took their ideas from the film and they were obliged to ensure that all the characters in the film appeared in the book exactly as their lives are portrayed in the film. The fact that the book is written from the screen play makes it difficult for the book writers to ignore any significant occurrence in the film. One of the greatest differences between the book and the film is the lengthy description in the book. The book has to capture the exact character image portrayed in the movie and this calls for detailed description to create a mental picture of the character’s lives and descriptions. The movie features actual Navy SEALs and the book’s description is intact on their image and lives (McCoy & Wuagh). The writers of the book enjoy the availability of time and space in the book to add more information to the lives of the characters. T he movie is time bounded and the story had to be shorter. The book in the other hand goes deeper into the details of the SEALs description and the way they handled the missions. In the book, the attacks that the SEALs engage in are vividly described, making what the film shows seem like just a sneak peak of the real event. The book illustrates every single detail of the fictitious story in a very clear way that the reader can almost visualize the experience. In the movie, the combat scenes are well

Case study of Tata Cross Culture analysis Essay

Case study of Tata Cross Culture analysis - Essay Example Since being advertised in strongly positive terms as cheapest car of the world, it has been the idle gossip around the world (Stokes, Wilson, & Mador, 2010). Significant people of large organisations have been driving in by numbers only to take a look at the most outstanding work of creative engineering in the shape of â€Å"Tata Nano.† Nano is a new form of cars of this century which represents a philosophy of an investor who deliberately decided to go against the prevailing wisdom of other investors of lighter, smaller, cheaper and signify a new age in cheap private transportation and with a possibility of becoming actual, "worldwide deadlock." The word "Nano" is derived from the Greek word ‘Nanos’ which means "small" in the Indic language spoken by the people of India who live in Gujarat in western India which is also the language of the Tata Group’s founders (Stokes, Wilson, & Mador, 2010). In 2003, under the Chairmanship of Mr. Ratan Tata, the project to manufacture a car while keeping the price to one Lac rupees was started. The main aim of this â€Å"Tata Nano plan† was the demand and requirement of many families of India who could not afford 4 wheel cars instead utilized Motorbikes and bicycles for the purpose, and was grounded on the successful project of low cost four wheeled â€Å"Ace truck† by the company in May 2005 (Boone & Kurtz, 2011). Company’s Profile In 1945, Tata Motors was established. ... Among the 3 best companies in the segment of a vehicle carrying passengers, Tata Motors is also included. Tata Motors has manufactured several outstanding cars in utility, compact and medium-size segment. It furnishes its services and products on a worldwide ground. Within India it offers 5 different categories of services and products namely trucks, commercial passenger carriers, passenger cars, defence vehicles, and utility vehicles. Why Tata Nano Is Important The Chairman of Tata Group perceived the thought behind the Tata Nano, when he saw a four member family was travelling via motor scooter in rain. At that time the idea of Nano came in his mind and he desired to manufacture an automobile that could be safe, affordable and could be used in all weather condition (Byron, 2008). (Byron, 2008) This desire of Mr. Ratan Tata emerged as the most inspirational plan of Tata motors till time when the Chairman of Tata Group Mr Ratan Tata stated his thought of Tata Nano to Mr. Ravi Kant, h is managing director. From his managing experience Mr. Ravi Kant had discovered that citizens desire to shift from 2 wheelers vehicle to 4 wheelers vehicles but they have not got enough money for it. Automobile industry of India has an average growth rate of twelve percent for the past decade. Despite that this industry sold only 1.3 million vehicles for passengers in the financial year ending on March 2006. This shows that a billion of peoples of India purchase approximately the equal quantity of cars in a year as three hundred million peoples of US purchase in a period of month. However, this situation could be changed only when the cost of 4 wheels vehicle could be lowered to the extent that

Adversity & 2007 albums Essay Example for Free

Adversity 2007 albums Essay Does adversity truly define somebody’s character? Adversity, as defined by Webster’s dictionary, is a state, condition, or instance of serious or continued difficulty or adverse fortune. Horace’s opinion on adversity is that without adversity in one’s life, their true character would not have an opportunity to develop. Horace derived his opinion about adversity from having to overcome an obstacle of his own. Having lost the battle with the Roman Army, his prestigious life as a general and his â€Å"prosperous circumstances†, he faced with the true challenge to overcome this defeat. His true character was tested and created an opportunity to do what was needed to survive. I agree that through adversity, one’s true character shines above the mask that is shown during ones â€Å"prosperous circumstances†. At the mere age of 16, I have overcome many situations in my life that showed me the truth to my character. The passing of my father is one example. At the time, my main concern was that the life me and my family lived would never be the same. Having lost not just a father-figure, a role model, and one of my closest friends at that age, my family lost the head of our household. I faced the challenge of caring for all the people around me who shared the same aching feeling of the loss I did, while at the same time trying to fill the void in my heart that was buried with him. Confronting the loss of so much in your life is not easy. I remember one of the largest moments during this time that made me come to terms with his loss. The first few football practices of my 6th grade year were the hardest. The occasional glance to my mom watching us practice turned my enthusiastic and serious attitude toward practice into a grieving stare as I see my father missing from the picture. I would never be able to keep playing like this. But I dug deep, and stayed dedicated to the sport that he supported me at, and with time and devotion I was able to understand that even though my father is not there physically, he will always be right there next to me on the field, cheering me on like he did in the past. Even though the physical aspect of my father is gone, I will always know that he is there with me, enjoying the best seat in the stadium. Another situation in my life that I have had to overcome adversity is the  injury in my left knee that I face today. The day I heard that I would not be able to play football my junior year, I did everything I could to distance myself from the game and my teammates. We all have those genuine fears of incidents that lead to where we cannot do hobbies or interests of ours. Imagine a graphic artist losing his hand along with his ability to draw, or a ballet dancer unable to perform in a recital because of a damaged knee. Every day is a battle. The physical strength it takes to go through a day of physical therapy, the mental strength I use to push myself to be on the field again, and the spiritual strength it takes to remind myself that I am still part of this team. Like that Gatorade commercial, â€Å"One More† mean to me that I am one more day closer to reaching my goal of playing alongside my friends, one more set of exercises to strengthen my knee, and one more opportunity to play the game that I love. I know ask myself, without adversity in my life, how would I know what type of person I am and what I value most? I wouldn’t. Had Horace not faced adversity, would his writing still be the same or at that even exist? Horace wouldn’t have needed to turn to poetry in order to save his life, but instead gone with his life as nothing but a mediocre general in the Greek Army, Instead of being the inspiring poet we know to this day.

Manage Programs That Promote Personal Effectiveness Essay Example for Free

Manage Programs That Promote Personal Effectiveness Essay 1. Three common Health Issues that Can Affect Productivity In The Work Place Are: Mental Health Issues for example: Depression, Anxiety, stress Behavioral Conditions. Chronic Illnesses for example: Diabetes, asthma, Cancer, coronary heart disease and stroke. Lifestyle risk Factors such as drug and alcohol abuse, gambling, Obesity and smoking this includes second hand smoke. 2. Use the internet to research each Identified issue for the following: Prevalence of the issue and any forecasts. Mental Health is on the rise in and out of the work place, And unlike many physical illness it impacts on people during their prime working years untreated mental health issues are costing Australian organizations $642,000 per 1000 employees. Chronic Illness is increasing in a global prevalence and in 23 high burden developed countries the cost associated with this global prevalence will cost the economy 84 billion dollars by 2015 if nothing is done to slow this up ward trend. Lifestyle Risk Factors have increased dramatically not only has Obesity increased Across all age groups the working age groups has a steady upward growth. Between 1995 and 2012 the average BMI for men and women over 18 have increased by 9.6% And only only 5.5% of Australian adults had an adequate usual daily intake of fruit and Vegetables there has been a decrease in smoking according to the national health Survey â€Å"In 2011 12, men were more likely to smoke daily than women (18.3% Compared with 14.1%). These rates have decreased since 2001, when 25.4% of men And 19.5% of women smoked daily†. Standard approaches to address the Issue in the work place. Being proactive in effectively raising awareness and addressing Mental Heath in the work place so early intervention can take place is important for staff moral and confidence. Some standard approaches for addressing and dealing with mental health would be: Educating and giving managers and employee’s the tools and skills needed to jointly identify triggers and solutions. On a larger scale and depending on the overall health and personnel needs of the employees and funding from the organization or government an EAP could be strategized and planned. Standard approaches to addressing chronic illness in the work place are: Initiating an in employee assistance program to provide the employees with the education and support they need this could be anything from a basic to a comprehensive program depending on all the variable factors to take in to account. Standard Approaches to Lifestyle risk factors include policy changes such as smoke Free environments to further decrease the smoking rate or even promoting quit line Services for smoking related issues. Provide health options and Incentives for using And maintaining healthier choices within the workplace to deal with diet related Lifestyle risks. Two of the Identified approaches briefly detailed on how the approach is managed in The work place and which approach I prefer. Mental Health Implementing compressive strategy or national workplace program (Employee assistance program) along with strategizing a well being policy and prevention policy will increase knowledge and understanding on how to deal and prevent mental health in the work place and address work related risk. Therefore increasing awareness, decreasing stigma and improving attitudes therefore giving staff \ employees the tools to create a healthy work  environment where no one has fears of speaking out about having a mental health issue this can provide job securities and reassurances they have the support of the organization. Full commitment from all stakeholders including all management mental heath experts and the chosen employee representative is essential to the success and outcome of program. Lifestyles Risks Factors Introducing an advanced or comprehensive program to educate and give staff / Employee’s opportunities to be educated on Nutrition, Physical activity, Smoking and stress management and experience to practice the skills needed to deal With and prevent Lifestyle Risk related issues. Provide health options and Incentives For using and maintaining healthier choices within the workplace to deal with diet Related Lifestyle risks. Also promoting services related to lifestyle risk factors such as Quit line, Heart Foundation, Cancer Council, Substance abuse consolers and GP’s for General check ups. Approach I Prefer The benefits for addressing lifestyle risks far out way the cost and time as Implementing this as a preventative measure would boost understanding, morale and Trust within the organization therefore boosting Productivity the organization would Save Money on a long Term basis due to the fact That many chronic illness and some mental Health issues Stem from associated Lifestyle Risk factors. So I believe addressing lifestyle risk Factors you are therefore Addressing an overall broad majority of issues. Tackling life style risk factors before They become Chronic illness is imperative and should be made a priority as Prevention Is better than Cure. So I would introduce an advanced or comprehensive program to Change the behavior. 3.  Summary Report Mental Health Issues for example: Depression, Anxiety, stress Behavioral Conditions. Chronic Illnesses for example: Diabetes, asthma, Cancer, coronary heart disease and stroke. Lifestyle risk Factors such as drug and alcohol abuse, gambling, Obesity and smoking this includes second hand smoke. â€Å"Healthy Employees Make A Healthy Business† Mental health Issues, chronic illnesses and lifestyle risk factors are all on the rise it is so crucial that they be addressed because the long term affect of unaddressed issues within any organization can be devastating for both employer and employees. Not only did a 2007 study run by Medibank Private put the annual cost of absenteeism and presenteeism to Australia at $25.7 billion. Health and wellbeing are by far the overriding factors. By improving health standards in the work place you will find healthier employees are 3 times more productive. All the above health issues have a profound impact on Daily productivity absenteeism and presenteeism addressing these issues effectively will not only benefit this organization and employee’s but improve overall mental and physical wellbeing improving productivity, employee relationships, reduced absenteeism and sick leave and increased health awareness and knowledge. â€Å"Global research has found that when employee health and wellness is managed well the percentage of engaged employees increases from 7% to 55%. This research also found self-reported creativity and innovation increases from 20% to 72%.† Providing the necessary tools and skills for staff and employee’s to preform at there best I would suggest adopting a EAP to approach lifestyle risk issues, some of the methods maybe government assisted workshops. so with the approval of senior management I would love feedback approval to write a advanced or comprehensive EAP for Lifestyle Risk Factors because I believe that in addressing lifestyle risks far out way the cost, time and resources and With cost in relation to losses from absenteeism and presenteeism an  investment on a larger scale like a advanced or comprehensive EPA would be more beneficial in this situation. Implementing this as a preventative measure would boost understanding, morale and Trust within the organization therefore boosting Productivity. The organization would Save Money on a long Term basis due to the fact the work place will be a healthy safer place with reduced absenteeism and presenteeism and increased productivity. â€Å"a ship cannot be sailed without a crew† so keeping your staff / employee’s happy and healthy will have a positive affect on all involved and improve the organizations corporate image. With cost in relation to losses from absenteeism and presenteeism an investment on a larger scale like a advanced or comprehensive EPA would be more beneficial in this situation. Also in addressing lifestyle risk you are in turn addressing many chronic illnesses and Some mental Health issues as most Stem from associated Lifestyle Risk factors. So I Believe addressing lifestyle risk Factors you are therefore addressing an overall broad Majority of issues. Tackling life style risk factors before They become Chronic illness it Is imperative and should be made a priority as Prevention Is better than Cure. References http://www.cgdev.org/doc/expert%20pages/nugent/Nugent_Annals_article.pdf https://www.bspg.com.au/dam/bsg/product?client=BEYONDBLUEprodid=BL/0538type=file http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/D3310114.nsf/home/home?opendocument http://www.heartfoundation.org.au/active-living/Documents/Healthy-workplace-guide.pdf

Technologys Effect On The Music Industry Media Essay

Technologys Effect On The Music Industry Media Essay Ever since mankind has existed; music has been a big part in peoples lives. Even the Mayan Indians had ways to make music that would express their feelings, emotions, and show how their culture influenced them. Now, we use music to not only express how we feel, but give our life story. As technology has changed, the way that music is heard and seen has changed also. With advances in technology, producing music, listening to music, and downloading music has become much easier over the years. One major thing in the music industry that has changed along with the advancement of technology is how people record, or produce, music. The first device used to record audio and be able to play it back was Thomas Edisons phonograph. This device used grooves to record and playback sound which would make it hard to redo a recording if you messed up. As years went on and technology became more and more advanced, magnetic tape recording came out. Magnetic tape recording allowed people to record sound, and if they didnt like it, they could rewind the tape, and record over it as if it was never there. Although this worked for many years, as technology advanced, the way people can record their music advanced, leading to how we record music today (Morton). In todays society, people may still use the old style tape recordings because theyre cheap and easy to use, but most big recording sessions use programs on computers such as ProTools, Power Tracks, SONAR, Cubase, and many more. The convenience of these programs is the fact that not only can you record and delete audio, but you can also edit audio that is recorded to add effects to it. For example, if an artist wants to record a song that they have been working on, but their singing isnt the greatest, producers can use these programs to add affects to their voice so that they sound better. As technology has advanced, the way music is produced is not the only thing that has been affected. Before technology became real big in todays society, people would listen to music from record players and cassette tapes. As technology began to expand, people started listening to music on computers, CDs, and now iPods. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Sony developed a disk that allowed people to add music so that they could listen it where ever they went (EDinformatics). This also impacted music producers and artists because these disks could hold more memory than a record could, so this meant they could record more songs to add to albums and sell to the fans. One of the biggest things that have influenced how people listen to their music world wide is the iPod. In 2001, Apple released the very first iPod. iPods have allowed people to use one device to hold all their favorite music, videos, and photos. This device has impacted how we listen to music so much that it is being used worldwide (Things). Another thing that impacted how people listen to music is websites on the internet such as YouTube. In 2005, three people had an idea to create a website for people to watch their favorite music videos, listen to music, and post their own videos. Little did they know that the website that they had created would become as popular as it is today (Laco). As years went on, people are now getting most of their music by downloading it. When people want to get the newest song that is out on their iPod or mp3 player, they usually go to iTunes, YouTube, BearShare, or any other music downloading site. Downloading music has become so big, that it is the only way you can get music off of the internet. According to cnn.com, iTunes alone has at least 5 billion song downloads per day (Elmer-Dewitt). That is not counting all the other websites that allow people to download music. As technology keeps advancing, it affects music in more ways than one. Ipods, recording software, and downloading music are just a few ways that technology affects music, but they are the ones that stand out to us the most. As time goes on, technology will come up with more simple ways to complete tasks in the music industry, even some that are simpler than what we have today. New websites will probably be developed to help download music and new software for computers will probably be invented to help music producers make music that fans will love to hear. If it wasnt for technology, music would not be such a big part of our lives as it is today.

The Immigration of Jewish people in USSR Essay -- Politics, Mikhail G

ITRODUCTION The Immigration of Jewish people in USSR under Mikhail Gorbachev administration is generally considered as a response to huge demand of Jews who desperately wanted to leave Soviet Union, and a state policy towards ethnic minority issues. Historically speaking, anti Semitism was rooted for centuries in Russia. Jews had been prosecuting since Czarist Russia, and most recently the prosecution reached peak under Stalin administration. People would think that it was the long existing hostile atmosphere towards Jewish people that primarily led their migration out of USSR. Yet it is a more complicated picture. When Gorbachev came to power as the secretary of general of the Party in 1985, Soviet immigration policy was, to significant extent, adjusted based on Soviet bleak economic conditions and diplomatic relationships with United States and Israel. The transition was not merely a compromise under the pressure of Western powers but also an attempt to reverse economic deterioration such as high unemployment. In the thesis, I shall discuss the outstanding reasons that behind immigration policy transition under Gorbachev administration as well as the consequences and implications. PART I: the Reasons The immigration transition made by Gorbachev administration could be divided into two periods. The first period is from 1985 to 1986, when Gorbachev initiated radical reform known as perestroika, which literally means reconstruction. The stagnating Soviet economy and chilling relationship with the US led him to adopt the concept of glasnost and â€Å"New Thinking†, which can be translated as a series of promotions of openness and liberty in public affairs and flexibility in foreign policies. The decree of Council of Ministers... ...s to migrate to Israel, since costs of accommodation in Israel was much lower than that in America. Despite all that negative consequences, Soviet Jews still brought bright outlook worldwide. From economic perspective, Soviet Jews migrated from Soviet Union where workers were low productive to countries where worker were more productive. Thus, Jewish migration increased production efficiency and living standards on the global scale, as well as individual level of their own. One example would be Jewish immigrants in Israel and United States, where their contributions to economic and social developments exceeded negative impacts like ethnic conflicts and welfare pressure. More importantly, on humanity base, the transition enabled Jews to pursue prosperity and liberty, as well as to fulfill their desires in culture, religion, and politics in the new promising lands.

Death In The Woods - Thematic Explication Essay -- essays research pap

Our universe is an ever-turning wheel that maintains a beautiful balance of life. On the spokes of this wheel the existence of all things is assured; life is given, bodies and souls are fed, each position on the wheel is cultivated by the next, and then one day we will pass away, only to start the circle again in another mysterious way. Take a moment to look around you and see the many cycles that exist for the sole purpose of keeping our wheel in motion, and then recognize how little these great givers of life are celebrated, or even noticed. Without a second thought we will all at one time or another dishonor the same things that pay tribute to us. But that, too, is a part of the cycle. It’s not good, nor is it bad. It just is. In his story â€Å"Death in the Woods,† Sherwood Anderson demonstrates mankind’s ability to take for granted the gifts received through our Mother Earth, aptly symbolized by an old woman with no name. He also reveals to his reader the beauty that lies within the ceremonies of life and death that are constantly taking place all around us and within us. The story is broken into 5 different parts, told in first person, and although the narrator is not the main character, he lends significant importance to the symbolism that takes place throughout the tale. In the first part of the story our nameless storyteller introduces his reader to an old woman; one that everyone sees, but nobody knows. Demonstrating society’s lack of concern for such an old woman, the narrator states, â€Å"People drive right down a road and never notice an old woman like that† (23). In this first section he uses the words ‘old woman’ eight times, and yet we know he considers her to be strong, not frail like the people that we usually associate with the condition of being aged. Our first clue of this takes place in the first and second paragraphs where she is diligently working to make a few eggs and hens trade into enough food to feed a farm. This is her job, and she does it without complaint. Somehow, she is able to make the impossible work. In the fifth paragraph he describes himself as â€Å"a young and sick boy with rheumatism† (23), and then in the next sentence depicts her carrying a heavy pack on her back- one that he coul d probably not manage on his own. In that pack on her back she carries the burden of feeding and caring for those that depend on her, and yet she ma... ...r shoulder. She is a young and innocent girl once again, and she is finally given her due respect in death. Unfortunately, when the weight of our burdens finally does our Mother Earth in, we won’t be able to mourn her and put her to rest with ceremony. Our own circle of life is far too dependent on hers. Most likely, the animals on the old woman’s farm will die within days of her passing, since there will no longer be anyone around to fulfill their needs. In the fifth and final part of the story the narrator recounts how the details all come together for him since the time of the old woman’s death. He slowly collects the pieces of information throughout his life in a quest to understand the meaning of it all. For some enlightened people, the search for understanding of our place in the universe is very much like that. We gather together the clues that our Mother leaves us and slowly come to respect the important nature of life and death. We begin to see the rituals, appreciate our roles and recognize the signs of our Mother’s wellness, or illness. The cycle of life and death is dependant on our cooperation, or lack thereof. We decide how much we want to invest into its abundance.

Euthanasia Essay - Should Physician-Assisted Suicide be Legal? :: Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suicide

Should Physician-Assisted Suicide be Legal? Throughout the twentieth century, major scientific and medical advances have greatly enhanced the life expectancy of the average person. However, there are many instances where doctors can preserve life artificially. In these cases where the patient suffers from a terminal disease or remains in a "persistent vegetative state" or PVS from which they cannot voice their wishes for continuation or termination of life, the question becomes whether or not the patient has the freedom to choose whether or not to prolong their life even though it may consist of pain and suffering. In answer to this question, proponents of physician-assisted suicide, most notably, Dr. Jack Kevorkian, are of the opinion that not only should patients be able to abstain from treatment, but if they have a terminal and/or extremely painful condition, they should be able to seek out the assistance of a doctor in order to expedite their death with as little pain as possible. Contained herein are the arguments for and against the le galization of doctor-assisted suicide, as well as where the state courts stand in respect to this most delicate of issues. In the hopes of clarification, we must first distinguish between active and passive euthanasia. Passive euthanasia involves the patient's refusal of medical assistance. It involves the right to die which is protected by the United States Constitution clauses of due process liberty and the right to privacy (Fourteenth Amendment). The right to doctor-assisted suicide, or active euthanasia, consists of, "...a patient's right to authorize a physician to perform an act that intentionally results in the patient's death, without the physician's being held civilly or criminally liable for having caused the death" . The "passive" form of euthanasia was first deemed legal by the New Jersey State Supreme Court in 1976 In re Quinlan . In the Quinlan case, the court allowed a competent patient to terminate the use of life- sustaining medical machines to prolong life. Since New Jersey's decision, all fifty states have enacted similar statutes which contain living will provisions. However, although the United States Supreme Court upheld the Quinlan decision in re Cruzan , it changed the parameters of passive euthanasia . With the Cruzan decision, the Supreme Court held that passive euthanasia was legal but only for competent adults or those who are

Language Development multi-disciplinary

Language development is a multi-disciplinary field containing inputs from psychology, academics, behavioral science, neurology and speech development. It’s marked by the culmination of a series of processes, which begin early in human life where an infant goes through imbibing primary language skills from the environment surrounding him, starts remembering words and phrases without the need for understanding their meaning, slowly build connections and visual imagery to understand patterns in language, and finally, as the child grows older, new meanings and new associations are created and his vocabulary increases as more words are learned.Language development as a term, should not be confused with â€Å"language acquisition† of which it is only a subset. The latter also deals with second language learning ability. Linguists and researchers like Noam Chomsky, Elizabeth Bates and Catherine Snow have developed hypotheses, that recognize and measure the specific learning re sults from general cognitive abilities and the interactions between learners, and their surrounding language environments.Language development contains several discussion points. In this paper, we shall look into the following points, based on past research done in relevant area. The main objective of our research is to infer the importance of each and every building block, in facilitating the language learning ability of children. Understanding these concepts have special significance to the case studies of dyslexics (slow learners), auditory and visually challenged kids, children with a stammering problem and kids of immigrant parents for whom English is not a spoken language at home. The articles selected for this purpose have one theme in common: they offer tips and suggestions, and also the roadmap for applications within a children learning environment.Transduction: Having worked in the field of cognitive development among children, Jean Piaget, a famous Swiss development psyc hologist, has described â€Å"transduction† as the first logic of reference in the primary form of reasoning used by children during the preoperational stages of development (2-7 years). The logic here is: if A causes B today, then A always causes B.The basic definition of transduction is â€Å"reasoning† without the reversible nestings of a hierarchy of classes and relations (Mathcs.edu, p.12). Accordingly, the first verbal reasoning is identified as practical and somewhat, based on perception or imagination. It is one step advancement of something known as â€Å"preconcepts†, identified by early language specialists wherein a child merely learns to associate certain â€Å"semi-concepts† which fit into the notion of what the child observes from surroundings (p.10). An example might be, â€Å"Is worm an animal?† It basically means that at the preconceptual level, the child identifies words with â€Å"shapes† and â€Å"patterns† (p.11) , rather than actual denominators of valid reasoning.In contrast, Piaget identified transduction as an advanced stage of cognitive learning, because the child’s thinking pattern carries less of an egocentric point-of-view, and it is more oriented toward finding the meaning to a desired end (p.12). However, even at this stage, the child doesn’t think of representation based on logic at most times, and can distort reality to suit his own â€Å"perception† about the world (p.12). Transduction, has been identified as the â€Å"discovery of lying†, and also the â€Å"dawn of reasoning† (p.12). The essential prerequisites of a study on transduction in language development for children, would consist of   in the preconceptual stage: 1)a symbolic thought, 2)representations derived from motivation, individual perception, daydreaming, and logical reasoning. In the transduction stage, it matures into a vivid construction of the image, and this constitutes t he child’s first grasp with reasoning, and intellect (p.12).Concept   formation:   There is a close relationship between language and concept forming ability   (Xu, p.2). Fei Xu, at the University of British Columbia contends in her research on cross-linguistic behavior patterns, that concept forming abilities reflect certain correlations between aspects of language, and the guiding blocks of reasoning that present a state-of-the-fact reality for the child, slowly whetting his appetite for gaining knowledge on words, based on situations (p.3).The first feature of this concept forming ability starting with infants began, in â€Å"count nouns† and categorization. Quoting from relevant research, Xu points out that children first learn to differentiate between countable and uncountable nouns, as the object is displayed before them. A familiarization tone might be: â€Å"a rabbit†, â€Å"a pig†, and also â€Å"wheat†, â€Å"sugar† (p.5). Th ere is a natural propensity to learn â€Å"novel nouns† (p.6), which are basically words, that are amusing and pleasant to hear. Studies have shown kids can be unusually brilliant in their intuitive ability to grasp new words, to attach their meaning with words they already know. E.g. â€Å"engineer†, â€Å"medicine† and â€Å"President† (p.7).Once the foundation for nouns are clear, Xu offers examples in which children learned differences between adjectives and nouns, which come â€Å"immediately† after learning nouns. E.g. â€Å"good† boy, â€Å"red† apple (p.7). For infants, conceptual ability at an early stage is not a complete process by itself, as they lack understanding of other signposts of intelligence (p.11). In an experiment suggested in the article, small children faced trouble in counting objects of similar shape. To them, articles of different shapes and sizes offers more intrigue and curiosity into counting. Also, many couldn’t tell if a toy train moving in a circular path was indeed â€Å"one† train (p.12). However, the start of concept-forming ability is the dawn of wisdom for infants.Imagery: Imagery refers to any word that creates a â€Å"picture† in the head of children. For older kids (3-4 years and above), imagery using similes, metaphors, personifications (mainly) and other audio-visual tools are a crucial ingredient in learning language (Savich, 1984). Not only do these methods facilitate an increase in handy vocabulary, but they also develop spatial learning abilities in children. Imagery is recommended for older children, because by then their brain cells in the cerebral hemisphere, are divided enough to allow such functions (Savich, 1984).Some of the methods used are: â€Å"the Big, Black barn†, â€Å"Snow White with pink feathers and velvet hands†. For children, the intuitive ability to render strong associations with these image vocabulary, is so po werful that many of them are able to visualize elements that many adults might ignore; e.g. the differences in colors in mosaic tiles; any object (and that includes human beings) readily start getting associated with the child’s cultivated imagination. Also, unlike the early concept-forming stage, this time children have lesser tendency to   face problems in identifying different words and expressions for similar shapes.Patricia Savich, at the University of Los Angeles, in her research on language-disabled children, has contended that they are facing problems in retaining a strong anticipatory imagery ability (Savich, 1984), compared to other children. In an experiment described, she assigned five spatial tasks to two groups of children based on age, sex, native language and background. In all assignments specified, language-disabled children lagged behind their counterparts in identifying words, from the assortment of visual imagery at their disposition (Savich, 1984).Memo ry: Memory has several study areas in the field of language development: recall memory, visual recognition memory (VRM), social communication, and the emergence of language skills. According to Heimann et al (2006), recall memory involves the technique called â€Å"deferred imitation† or DI as the most scientific method of enabling words, to stick in the memory of children. A lot of research in this field, has successfully established the cosmopolitan reach of the method to enable children to learn new words, sentence structures and also intonations of language. DI basically involves showing a picture to the child, make him repeat the word after the instructor, pursue a delay for 10 to 24 minutes, and come back with the picture again, to retain the word in the child’s sphere of imagination, â€Å"permanently†. There is plenty of flexibility, in how and why DI must be conditioned, for specific child-learning initiatives.VRM is applied to children, 3 years and abo ve, and deals with providing close attention for familiar pools of information. VRM is a close indicator of receptive language skills, and along with imagery, helps the child associate connections between different visual stimulus to form an idea of the world where he’s living in. Social communications consist of two aspects: 1)Joint Attention (JA) where the child learns words by studying the gaze patterns of other children in the creche or play group, and 2)Turn-taking skills (TT), which is the beginning of the first steady â€Å"conversation† between the child and the instructor/parent. The parent familiarizes the child with a situation, and it is his responsibility to come back with an answer. Heimann et al (2006), have contended that the onset of a steady conversation, even though in incorrect grammar, is the fist milestone for children’s language development program.Environmental influence: Finally, apart from the four techniques discussed in our framework, the most pivotal influence kids could derive for learning language programs, lies in the influence laid out by the environment in which they live. According to a cognitive behavior study, by Janellen Huttenlocher, a William S Gray Professor in psychology at the University of Chicago, the language environment in which children live, influences considerably their command over individual differences in syntax acquisition (Harms, 2002). There are dramatic differences between 3- and 4- year olds speech and comprehension, depending upon the â€Å"way† teachers and parents spoke to them.The study was based on 305 children across 40 classrooms in 17 preschool areas comprising people of all income-levels. Sentences used for testing were very descriptive, livid and tested all aspects of grammar retention ability: â€Å"the boy is looking for the girl behind a chair, but she is sitting under the table†, and â€Å"the baby is holding the big block and a small ball†. Natura lly, in classrooms that were extremely exposed to complicated sentences, children were more easily capable of using the correct â€Å"syntax† in language tests, compared to under-privileged downtown Chicago neighborhood schools, that are often under-staffed and children come from much less-privileged backgrounds. Even for lower-income background children, those who came to classrooms with qualified language instructors, the curiosity to learn the proper syntax of conversations, was much higher (Harms, 2002).According to Huttenlocher, the foundations of speech due to environment in childhood sticks for life. Children who grow up listening to â€Å"full† sentence syntaxes, are much more likely to use them comfortably when they grow up, compared to many American adults who really enjoy â€Å"skipping† words and have limited vocabulary for use, even though they might know the meaning of several words (Harms, 2002).SourcesHarms, W. (Nov 21, 2002). Researchers discove r environment influences children’s ability toform, comprehend complex sentences. The University of Chicago Chronicle. Vol.22,No.5Heimann, M., Strid, K., Smith, L., Tjus, T., Ulvund, S.E., Meltzoff, A.N. (Aug 1, 2006).Exploring the relation between memory, gestural communication and the emergence oflanguage in Infancy: a longitudinal study. Public Medical Central. 15(3): 233-249.Mathcs.edu. (Date unknown). Cognitive precursors to language. Accessed :www.mathcs.duq.edu/~packer/Courses/Psy598/Precursors,%20Cognitive.pdf [Dec 16, 2006]Savich, P.A. (December 1984). Anticipatory imagery ability in Normal and Language-disabledchildren. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research. Vol. 27: 494-501.Xu, F. (in press). Concept formation and language development: count nouns and object kinds.University of British Columbia, Oxford handbook of psycholinguists. Oxford UniversityPress (OUP). 2-12.

Eye Witness Essay

This essay is based on â€Å"The Story of an Eyewitness† by Jack London and â€Å"Leaving Desire† by Jon Lee Anderson. â€Å"The Story of an Eyewitness† talks about how the San Francisco earthquake and fire destroyed the city in 1906. â€Å"Leaving Desire† talks about a victim of hurricane Katrina in New Orleans. London and Anderson’s coverage of these disasters are different in several ways. Some examples of their differences are portrayed in the author’s purpose, the achievement of their purpose, and the authors focus. – Purpose for Writing London’s purpose for writing is to describe the destruction of San Francisco from the earthquake and fire. London describes the effects the disasters had on the city. For example, â€Å"The earthquake shook down in San Francisco hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of walls and chimneys†¦ I passed through Union Square. It was packed with refugees. Thousands of them had gone to bed on the grass. Government tents had been set up†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this describes how the disasters had an effect on the living conditions in the city. London describes the attitude of the people in San Francisco, which is sort of a hopeless feeling because they knew that their valuables and their own selves couldn’t be rescued. In the text, â€Å" ‘yesterday morning’ he said, â€Å"I was worth six hundred thousands dollars. This morning this house is all I have left. It will all go in fifteen minutes. † The victim of the earthquake has an attitude of ‘there is nothing I can do’ (hopeless), and London doesn’t really state it but its apparent by what the victim says. London Also describes the remains of San Francisco, which is barely anything. In the article he writes, â€Å"San Francisco is gone. Nothing remains of it but memories and a fringe of dwelling houses on its outskirts. † This plainly states that everything is gone, but further into the article (page 413) he builds it up in description. Anderson’s purpose for writing is to create the mood of empathy in the reader from the victim’s experience. Anderson has also witnessed heartbreaking things in New Orleans, for example, â€Å"As the water rose, they took refuge in the choir loft. They stayed there for eight days, drinking the water the storm washed in. We were down to our last two crackers. †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  That created an empathetic mood because the old married couple barely made it through these eight days and only had little to eat and unsanitary drinking water. Anderson learns how the disaster effected the main victim in this article, Lionel Petrie. For example â€Å"Petrie took a step back on his porch†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Can I take my dog with me? †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"I hate this. † Then she said to him, â€Å"I am so sorry Mr. Petrie, but, no, they won’t allow us to take animals. You will have to leave him here. †¦Ã¢â‚¬  This creates a mood of empathy because thinking he probably loved his dog very much it would be hard to leave him there to perish in the storm. Anderson gives details about what Petrie had to witness in his town. For example â€Å"As we made our way down Desire, Petrie looked around him at the devastation, his neighbors houses submerged in water. He said â€Å"Oh my God. I had no idea. † Petrie’s shocked and disturbed feeling really advances the mood of empathy in the article because he is so overwhelmed and hurt by what he saw, thinking it wasn’t going to be as bad as it was. How Purpose is Achieved London achieves his purpose by using descriptive language and words/terms. He describes his surrounding and the destruction of the city, like he says, â€Å"The streets were humped into ridges and depressions, and piled with the debris of fallen walls†¦The steel rails were twisted into perpendicular and horizontal angles. † London describes what the city looks like by using descriptive words such as depressions, horizontal, perpendicular, steel, and twisted. He also discusses the people of San Francisco and their reactions about what happened or what was to come. For example â€Å"Try that piano. Listen to its tone. There are a few like it. There are no horses. The flames will be here in fifteen minutes. † This victim doesn’t state that he has given up on trying to be saved but the words he says expresses that he has lost all hope. London tells how everything is destroyed in the city by repeating the same descriptive phrase. He says, â€Å"Its industrial section is wiped put. Its business section is wiped out. Its social and residential section is wiped out†¦Ã¢â‚¬  London describes sentence by sentence how all together San Francisco s gone. Anderson’s purpose is achieved by getting a primary source and being a primary source of the aftermath of the hurricane. He was able to get information about Petrie’s sad experience. For example â€Å"Petrie explained that his wife and son and daughter had left the city†¦ He didn’t know where his family was now†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The author creates an empathetic mood by getting the reader to think about losing our family members or not knowing where they were and wondering if you would ever see them again. Anderson tells about Petrie’s worries and fears of the unknown. For example â€Å"Petrie told me that he was worried about his aunt Willa Mae Butler: â€Å"She’s about eighty-two and lives on†¦ I’m worried she’s dead, because this time she said she wasn’t going. † Petrie is unsure about his families’ safety and that actually creates a mood of sympathy. People have experiences this in natural disasters like the earthquake in the fall of 2011. Anderson uses the surroundings to create a mood of empathy in the reader. For example â€Å"A boat came up and deposited an elderly black couple†¦ They took refuge in the choir loft. They stayed there for eight days, drinking the water the storm washed in. † This creates a mood of empathy through the surroundings because he saw the couple and heard what they went through and its heartbreaking they had to go through it. – Focus of the Author London focuses on San Francisco as a whole. He focuses on how the earthquake had an impact on the entire city. For example â€Å"San Francisco is gone. † He doesn’t say one specific area of the city is gone, but the entire San Francisco. London also tells about where the fire hit and where it was heading. He writes, â€Å"I sat on the steps of a small residence on Nob Hill†¦ To the east and south at right angles, were advancing two mighty walls of flame†¦ I went inside with the owner of the house on the steps of which I sat†¦ â€Å"The flames will be here in fifteen minutes. † London tells where the flames were a citizen of San Francisco tells when the flames will be in fifteen minutes. London gives information about how the victims, or soon to be victims, reacted to the danger (fire), for example â€Å"He was an old man and he was on crutches. Said he: â€Å"Today is my birthday. Last night I was worth thirty thousand dollars. I bought some delicate fish and other things for my birthday dinner. I have had no dinner, and all I own are these crutches. † The old man seems to be very disappointed that the fire has destroyed everything he owned. His reaction to the disaster is disappointment. Anderson’s main focus is on Lionel Petrie and Ninth Ward of New Orleans. He only covers one part of New Orleans in the story. For example â€Å"Alladio was out on a search for trapped survivors†¦ in one of the poorest and worst-hit parts of the city, the Ninth Ward, in eastern New Orleans. That basically tells what area the article mainly focuses on. Anderson’s article is based on the experience of Lionel Petrie and barely anyone else’s. For example â€Å"Petrie explained that his wife and son and daughter had left the city by car, heading for Baton Rouge†¦ he didn’t know where his family was now, and if he left, they wouldn’t know where he was. † This tells about Petrie’s experience in not knowing whether he would see his family again. Anderson is writhing about Lionel Petrie who lived in Ninth Ward of New Orleans so that would most likely be the place Anderson would cover and focus on. In the story it says, â€Å"When I first saw Lionel Petrie, he was standing on the second story porch of his house, at the junction of Desire Street and North Bunny Friend, in the Ninth Ward of New Orleans. † This is the first sentence of the entire article so apparently it is about Lionel Petrie who lived in Ninth Ward of New Orleans. – Conclusion In conclusion London’s purpose, achievement of purpose, and focus, differ from Anderson’s. They both use their differences to cover the disasters in their articles. Though the author’s methods of reportage were different, both were very effective in achieving their purposes. (Jon Lee Anderson)

Ed Boehm Essay

Edward Marshall Boehm Inc. Case Study The Edward Marshall Boehm case talks about a company whose main objective is to produce the highest possible quality porcelain products while keeping a focus to nature. The following report will include the company’s vision and mission statement, their main objectives, a SWOT analysis and their specific plans in great detail. Edward Marshall Boehm’s vision for the company is â€Å"to capture that special moment and setting which conveys the character, charm and loveliness of a bird or animal in its natural habitat† with his highest possible quality porcelain products. His mission is similar to his vision statement in that he wants to make the world aware and protective of endangered wildlife by making them aware of nature’s charm. As stated in the introduction, the main objective is to make the highest objective porcelain products focused on nature. Other main objectives include trying to establish the company to stay profitable for the long run. The company is particularly focused on making their quality products with the purpose of raising awareness and raising a profit, rather than mass producing for quantity. With these objectives, they believe it will put them where they want to be in the long run. After reviewing the case we have completed a SWOT analysis to get a better idea of where they are headed. The company’s strengths are numerous and promise success. They use a very high quality porcelain clay equal to the finest in the world and have the skill to make many different beautiful figurines. Mr. Boehm is not only extremely artistically talented but also has unlimited knowledge about the art market. He also leads promotion for the company and possesses great merchandising skills. Mr. Boehm could be named as a strength himself. The porcelain figures are becoming increasingly recognized as unique, and irreplaceable as well as many becoming collector’s items; the most intricate have been priced at over $20,000. The weaknesses are less numerous than the strengths but are still existent. First, the figure making process is complex, including 52 steps. This makes it extremely hard when orders become numerous and they start to get backordered, it is hard to catch up because Mr. Boehm is the only artist. Considering at the time this case was written Boehm was 55 years old, it may be hard to view the long-term vision for the company because he may not be around to always be able to create the same quality products he once was able to produce. There is also the expense of creating the products, and the travels Mr. Boehm makes in order to bring back live models of his birds. The company may look at several opportunities in order to improve their company. First, they should consider expanding into international markets; doing this could get their name out there and attract more customers. Mr. Boehm should look into teaching other people how to make the same high quality figures so they are able to create more products efficiently and have less backorders. Finally they should look into selling their porcelain clay to other businesses in order to make more money. We feel that this company faces many threats. As mentioned before Mr. Boehm’s age could potentially be a threat for the businesses. The fact that they have backorders may start to frustrate the customers and cause them to stop ordering from the company because the wait isn’t worth it. A rise in the cost of materials to make the figures may cause him to raise the cost of selling them which will in turn cause the loss of customers. New competitors could always be a threat and they may find a more efficient way to get the figures to customers quickly without backorders. We have a few specific plans that will help this company continue to thrive in the future. The most important thing to do is for Mr. Boehm to train other people in his craft. This is crucial if the company is to plan for long term. Another plan is to hire more than one company to distribute the product. Right now they only have one distributor, Milton China. With more distributors he could reach a larger market. The final plan we came up with is to work on technological advancements to make the long tedious process of making the figures quicker. The largest problem of the company is that it has so many backorders, with technology they could possibly speed up the process and narrow down the amount of backorders. We feel with our analysis that Edward Marshall Boehm Inc. is in good position for the future but they could make vast improvements if they capitalize on their opportunities and focus on the specific plans we provided.

National Curriculum Establishes Assessment As Part Of Teaching Education Essay

The National Curriculum establishes appraisal as an built-in portion of instruction and acquisition, saying that ‘assessment is how pupils recognise accomplishment and do advancement, and how instructors shape and personalise their instruction ‘ ( National Curriculum, 2010 ) . Appraisal in all its pretenses is a critical factor in be aftering for short, average and long-run student advancement. If the importance of formative and summational appraisal is recognised during the planning phases, it allows for a more in-depth analysis of pupil accomplishment and attainment and a more constructive rating of the effectivity of personal instruction methods. The focal point of this paper is the importance of effectual planning of both formative and summational appraisal for learning and larning. Without some signifier of appraisal it would be improbably hard for both instructors and scholars to estimate how much advancement has been made during a lesson or over the class of a pecu liar unit of survey. Assessment should non be merely an addition at the terminal of a unit of work, but instead a cardinal constituent of day-to-day schoolroom instruction and acquisition. It is for these grounds that I have chosen it as the focal point of this paper. In its simplest signifier, appraisal is the procedure by which instructors analyse pupils ‘ acquisition ( Briggs and Ellis, 2004. p.63 ) ; nevertheless it is much more than that. Assessment enables scholars to recognize accomplishment and do advancement, and instructors to determine and accommodate their instruction to single demands and aspirations ( National Curriculum, 2010 ) . Research has shown that appraisal ( with explicit respect to its National Curriculum intents ) can be divided into two cardinal countries that work as separate entities yet are inextricably linked. Pachler, Barnes & A ; Field have labelled these two countries as the ‘macro and micro dimensions ‘ of appraisal ( 2009. pp.235-236 ) . The macro strand consists of the national, regional and local/school-based statute law, policy and certification that are often updated and used to make public presentation informations. The micro strand, which involves the monitoring and betterment of single class/pupil cognition, understanding and acquisition, utilises these policies and certification in order to accomplish the consequences required to farther inform and develop the macro strand. This cyclical construction of appraisal merely reinforces its importance, as the success and patterned advance of both the single student and the national instruction system depend upon it. With such significance weighing upon its nucleus application through instruction and acquisition in the schoolroom, it is indispensable that appraisal is given due consideration during the planning procedure in order to guarantee that it is used resourcefully and productively. In order to do the country of appraisal more accessible for schoolroom usage, it is possible to farther categorise it so that it becomes a functional characteristic of instruction and acquisition. The micro strand of appraisal can itself be broken down into two distinguishable yet besides interlinked dimensions, viz. formative and summational appraisal. The Assessment Reform Group have defined the formative, appraisal for larning as ‘the procedure of seeking and construing grounds for usage by scholars and their instructors to make up one's mind where the scholars are in their acquisition, where they need to travel following and how best to acquire at that place ‘ ( Assessment Reform Group, 2002 ) . Pachler, Barnes & A ; Field have defined the summative, appraisal of larning as ‘assessment which describes/summarises what a scholar has achieved/attained. A snapshot of accomplishment. It besides informs instructors of how much of and how good a group of scholars has p rogressed against the intended acquisition results ‘ ( 2009, p.236 ) . The 1987 study compiled by the Task Group on Assessment and Testing ( TGAT ) put frontward the construct that formative and summational appraisal could and ought to be used in tandem for the benefit of student advancement. Harmonizing to the TGAT, uniting the consequences of appraisals with the specific intent of supplying formative information could supply a good general image of a student ‘s educational advancement. However, the TGAT besides claimed that since summational appraisals occur at the terminal of a stage of acquisition, formative information could non be obtained from them and hence could non show an accurate position of the student ‘s educational history ( TGAT Report, 1987. paragraph 25 ) . Therefore, utilizing both signifiers of appraisal together would look to be a cardinal attack to analyzing a student ‘s overall academic attainment and was a nucleus factor in my ain planning for learning and acquisition. The planning procedure itself is at the bosom of instruction and acquisition. It is through be aftering a series of lessons that a clear way for the intended acquisition is achieved. Individual lesson programs relate via units of work to the strategy of work, which outlines the work to be covered over a period of clip or a period of survey defined by scrutiny specifications ( Pachler, Barnes & A ; Field, 2009. p.100 ) . Each single lesson planned demands to be portion of a ‘bigger image ‘ in order to put realistic medium-term larning marks. Killen states that there must be a direct and obvious connexion between what you do lesson-by-lesson and what the course of study suggests students should larn in the long term ( 2006. p.66 ) . A instructor needs to make an effectual Medium Term Plan clear uping what it is a student is expected to larn and a assortment of possible methods to assist them accomplish this. Medium term programs begin to locate the acquisition in contexts t hat are meaningful, relevant and appropriate ( Browne, 2007. p.180 ) . A good organized medium term program with accomplishable larning aims and results will assist to supply a clear and concise instruction and learning way. For the intents of this paper I am traveling to measure the planning and instruction of a sequence of lessons for one Year 7 German category. My first measure in this procedure was to garner every bit much information as I could about the School Phase 1 ( SP1 ) school, the section and the category itself, paying peculiar attending to the school ‘s rare societal scene. I did so as a consequence of anterior reading before geting at the SP1 school, viz. Cohen, Manion and Morrison ‘s recommendation that one should get down by look intoing characteristics and resources of the vicinity in which the school is situated, as some of these may turn out to be relevant to the lessons you will be learning and organizing ( 2002. p.44 ) . Through treatments with my wise man and other members of staff I discovered that a big proportion of the students in the SP1 school semen from military households and as a consequence of the nature of this business, the school can often hold students ge ting and go forthing at any clip of the school twelvemonth. Therefore, it was necessary during the planning procedure to be aware of the likely possibility that a student with no anterior cognition of the linguistic communication may fall in the group at any phase. The Year 7 category was a mixed-ability group comprised of students with no anterior exposure to the German linguistic communication before get downing into Year 7, students who were taught German in Year 6 as portion of a Primary Languages Programme and students who had resided in British Army Bases in Germany for more than six months. With such a varied mix of abilities in the group Cohen, Manion and Morrison ‘s recommendation proved to be important to be aftering the sequence of lessons I was to learn. Before composing my ain average term program I observed the group with their regular schoolroom instructor. I had besides intended to familiarize myself with the section ‘s policies and certification, nevertheless, the section was undergoing alterations and developments at the clip so current and up-to-date policies and certification were non available until after I had taken over learning the category from their regular instructor. As a consequence of this I was non to the full cognizant of the prep or taging processs of the section. This is one of the major countries for betterment I have highlighted for developing my ain professional pattern as I aim to be more thorough in my hereafter apprehension of departmental patterns even when no formal certification is accessible. Despite this reverse, I began to develop my average term program by utilizing the National Curriculum and the Framework for MFL every bit good as the section ‘s Schemes of Work and the Teacher ‘s Guides that corresponded with them. Through treatments with my wise man ( who was besides the schoolroom instructor of this peculiar group ) I established where the category was in their acquisition in conformity with the strategy of work and together we agreed an appropriate starting point for my average term program. I used all of the information available to me until I had created a footing for the instruction and acquisition that would take topographic point over the period of four to five hebdomads. Each hebdomad I taught the group one lesson of 100 proceedingss continuance. Before I took over the instruction of full lessons, I began by learning little elements of them including starting motors and activities during a lesson ; nevertheless they did non characteristic in my average term program as they took topographic point before the agreed get downing point. My average term program covered one full unit of work, consisting of five 100 minute lessons ; nevertheless as it was a on the job papers I altered and amen ded it in line with the advancement of existent instruction and larning which was taking topographic point ( appendix I ) . For each lesson accounted for in the medium term program I included the followers: the lesson focal point with mention to identify model aims, the acquisition aims and expected larning results of the lesson, the resources which may be used during the lesson and a general lineation of possible acquisition activities. I later created single lesson programs for each lesson that would be taught which provided a more comprehensive lineation of the instruction and larning involved ( appendix two ) . With this paper in head I narrowed the focal point of my rating of my planning for learning and larning on my usage of both formative and summational appraisal to inform pupil advancement. I planned to utilize both signifiers of appraisal with specific respect to the monitoring of pupil advancement in Modern Foreign Language Attainment Target 4 – Writing. The SP1 school divides the academic twelvemonth into six footings and teaches a tight, two twelvemonth Key Stage 3 course of study and therefore has high achievement marks for the terminal of Year 7. The section concentrates on these through centering its summational appraisal on one Attainment Target at a clip. â€Å" Focus 3: To raise accomplishment at KS3. Quantitative Targets: To enable 80 % or more of yr7 pupils achieve NC Level 3 by terminal of term 2 in composing † ( appendix three ) . As I would be learning this group during term 2 I incorporated this mark into my planning. I developed lessons in which I tried to guarantee there was equal patterned advance of composing accomplishments. In order to keep a balance nevertheless, composing was non ever a cardinal focal point of the lesson so that attainment of the other three linguistic communication accomplishments ; speech production, listening and reading, could besides be enhanced at a similar gait. As I began to learn and measure full lessons, I noticed that the same job countries of my instruction kept looking which were holding an consequence on students ‘ acquisition. These countries were gait, projection of voice and most significantly lodging to my lesson programs. In the beginning I was non able to interpret my planning of lessons into instruction of lessons. On juncture I left out activities I had planned or created new activities during the lesson that I had non planned for. While this did non hold a damaging consequence on students ‘ acquisition, students ‘ advancement was somewhat inhibited due to my ain inability to present what I had planned. Although I had designed specific appraisal for larning elements of lessons to inform me of student advancement, these countries were sometimes overlooked in the beginning for grounds such as my timings of chief activities were unrealistic or I was concentrating excessively much of my attending on pull offing p upil behavior. As a consequence of this, at the early phases of my instruction, I was frequently unable to give equal clip to measure how much acquisition had really taken topographic point during the lesson. Throughout the lesson, nevertheless, I ensured that I would take notice of those students who were fighting with the acquisition involved and those who were happening it straightforward. In my ratings after the lessons this helped me to find a general feeling of what countries of the lesson I had been successful in instruction and those that I needed to better. Once I had evaluated my instruction in relation to pupils ‘ larning I was able to set up clear countries for development which would help the betterment of both. My planning became more focussed and my timings more realistic so that I was finally able to be after a lesson that I could successfully learn and in which I could supervise the accomplishment of larning results. I began to utilize formative appraisal techniques more often and fruitfully during lessons and could therefore supply more suited aid to students of all abilities. I delivered the sequence of lessons with the summational authorship appraisal in head. While in the beginning I was unsure of how to put undertakings at the appropriate degree for the acquisition which had merely taken topographic point, rating and contemplation of these lessons aided my readying of future lessons guaranting I included and monitored undertakings which showed obvious patterned advance of composing accomplishments. For illustration, w ritten undertakings which showed a development in pupil ability from copying individual words for new vocabulary ( Level 1 ) to gap-filling exercisings which modelled cardinal grammatical constructions ( Level 2 ) to finally accommodating these theoretical accounts and composing their ain sentences utilizing the cardinal vocabulary and grammatical constructions antecedently learned ( Level 3 ) . The bulk of students were so besides able to remember this linguistic communication and grammar from memory during the authorship appraisal itself ( Level 4 ) ( appendix iiii ) . As I stated earlier, the focal point of the section was to raise accomplishment at KS3 so that at least 80 % of Year 7 students attained a Level 3 by the terminal of term 2. To measure the advancement made during this term a formal summational appraisal was given. In this appraisal pupils had to compose a short text about themselves utilizing as much of the information they had learned since the beginning of term 1 as they could. I provided the students with a departmental-approved information outline sheet in English to help them with the undertaking ( appendix V ) . In footings of student advancement and making set marks, my instruction and students ‘ acquisition was successful. The consequences of the summational appraisal show that 94 % of the group achieved a Level 3 or higher, with 83 % of the group really achieving a Degree 4 ( appendix six ) . As a summational consequence this is above the mark set, nevertheless, these consequences mean small if the students themselves do non understand the standard for accomplishing these degrees ( appendix seven ) . In the lesson following the appraisal I planned for the bulk of the clip to be spent on returning the appraisals to students and presenting them to the thought of reflecting on their ain development. I besides provided them with teacher-feedback and allocated clip for students to self-assess their ain advancement and place countries to better for their hereafter acquisition. Harmonizing to the Assessment Reform Group, ‘successful larning occurs when scholars have ownership of their acquisition ; when they understand the ends they are taking for ; when, crucially they are motivated and have the accomplishments to accomplish success ‘ ( cited in Pachler, Barnes & A ; Field, 2009. p.234 ) . Equally good as making attainment marks students, every bit good as instructors, need to develop the ability to reflect upon their ain development and indentify the cardinal countries that can actuate them to better and make higher. I introduced this critical component of womb-to-tomb acquisition by supplying each student with a simple feedback sheet attached to their appraisal, so that it was possible for them to reflect upon their work and distinguish and record countries that they completed successfully and those that they need to better upon in order to raise their attainment degrees in the hereafter ( appendix eight ) . I have discovered from my ain planning and presenting a sequence of lessons why such value is placed on contemplation and rating. Without measuring what you have done in the past it would be an backbreaking undertaking trying to come on in the right way. Evaluation is in itself a signifier of appraisal. Measuring my instruction in footings of students ‘ acq uisition has allowed me to see what advancement I have made and what successes and failures have been encountered along the manner. With this cognition it has become much easier to place clear marks and aims for my future professional development.