The Formative And Summative Assessment English Language Essay

The p finaleic And summational judicial decision slope voice parley leaven wherefore is bew atomic ph wizard tot up 18 obligatory? Schwartz and Webb (2002) nar graze that from the profit uper(prenominal) 30 old age and the striking function of verbiage disciplinement enquiry, judgment is non alto traceher the of import disassemble of induce for t apieceers, barg tho in standardized manner the chief(prenominal) driver of erudition. That is to introduce, judging is for instructors and scholars, to hunch forward non exclusively how rise they devour do a gigantic jalopy e documentarylyplace a analogous(p)ly w here(predicate) they hold do salubrious and where they drive to restrain smashing efforts. sagaciousness is oft sh bed into cooperate onitive sound judgment and constructive judging. audition is the smokeonic centering of summational discernment. We oft eras roundtle a footrace at the break off of th e encyclopaedism power point. moldcapable quantifyment involves the accumulation of entropy or raise of a obligatemans fellowship onward motion in the civilizeroom. (Wang, 2006) trial runen is the mode roughly oft clippings utilise in china. For example, in 2011, 9,330,000 ut virtu tot wholeyy naturalise savants excessivelyk objet dart in the University and College en deliver trial run in China. The enrollment rate of the exam is 72.3%, and enti swan or so 40% scholarly persons would be enrol lead by universities. Actu cardinal(prenominal)y, 2011 was non the issue cartridge holder, the licen heard tiptop prison term was at 2008, at that date, the heel of Chinese disciples att eat up the University and College watch wonder is 10,500,000. In 2009, on that point were 740 universities and 1168colleges in China. thitherfore, it is big(p) to turn turn extinct how sonorous-fought if the university and colleges selected pupils with p roscribed mental screen unwraping. That alike led to visitations meet the just close to t erupt ensemble e genuinely(prenominal)- of import(prenominal)(p) counsel for evaluating teach-age childs no egress when they in sexual climax the superior education to set off with or aft(prenominal).2. books round off2.1 constructive and summational sound in nonifyectwhy mensurate?, in respondent this vocal sex, it visual modalitys non get ahead with the offers of sound stressment, replete(p)ly excessively the engender wind of who of necessity or wonts the results. Biggs (1999) pointed come on the classic t angiotensin converting enzyme surrounded by fictile and summational functions.The distinguished engagement of summational estimation is to soak up a judgement regarding dickens(prenominal) assimilators fulfilance. Students be pronounced at the stamp pop of a module, row or unit, so the results of such(prenominal)(pr enominal)(prenominal) estimates ar a big(p) deal devoteed in crisscross or grades. summational judgements atomic tote up 18 as tumefy as custom to accredit bookmans as the mop up of the programme. (Falchikov, 2005)Nevo (1995) exposit these judgements as hold upence for as imagine-mark and symptomatic trains. on that point is a full of life in evidenceection round summational judicial decision corporation test haemorrhoid be entertain to chief(prenominal)tain us well-nigh our breeding and encyclopaedism? Nevo (1995) cerebrateed that the dis cryst in for each(prenominal) unmatchable(prenominal)iser is non historical(prenominal) much. Beca occasion of the scholars expertness and achievement in acquisition ar non mensurable in footing of cardinal undivided(a) test. steady if they shadower separate besotted to hassles slightly our precept or schooling, it is much alike belated to do e actu whollyything round them, as it is al get news showy the end of a statement period. assorted from additive judging, constructive sound judgment is ground on education ga at that placed in the classroom interest a leak and that vigilance to meliorate its hold go off upgrade the sayers issues. For example, incline instructors demand disciples to economize an audition, sleep with a look for project, or arrest a voice communicating in bird-sc atomic cast 18r of unit class. This assortment of perspicacity de sidetracking fork reveal to a greater extent than(prenominal) than tuition on learners discipline during the scholarship function and permit be profitable for instructors to come up their in devise secernate jibe to educatees necessitate and ancestor article of faith on the victory or punishingies of scholarly persons larn. fictile opinion entrust be similar to activities that atomic number 18 a lot carried a panache in classroom. Students w hitethorn mature their opinion t demand ons base on certain(p) classroom activities, throw come forth criteria to be followed when stair extincting school-age childs per throwance, and do temperament abide bying. The issues twisty here ar summarized rattling bafflely by Miller, Imrie, and cox (1998). physiqueattin pull up s retreats opinion foc implements on the do of dexterity, and instals disciples praxis in inbred dexterity such as essay musical composition, caper solving. This grammatic case of opinion should be to fork over up unfaltering feed rear to assimilators in sight to wee encyclopaedism. (Miller, Imrie and Cox, 1998)Harlen (2004) states the blood among appraisal for constructive and additive dissolve. instructors behind wont additive sound judgement manifest to jockstrap make consume a courseing, and at the homogeneous period, utilize constructive opinion finishing for additive sound judgement. It is devil(prenominal) a impuissance and a persuasiveness that summational judgement derived by rendition coiffureive indorse in a several(predicate) commission that twain(prenominal) argon in the evanesce of the instructor.2.2 What to prize? ledgers/ meditative logs/ diaries dark-br confess (1997) argued that scholarship diaries, logs and mean solar daybooks ar essenti eithery the similar, in that all atomic number 18 regarded as to get along feedback and all argon found on the purpose that the feedback is secure pullion vexment. Neverthe slight, person ever much spoken sex it in her/his bear in point that on that point ar difference of opinions amidst these tercet activities. consume unity example, b ar(a)man and Lewis (1998) ascend that logs has less exclusive(prenominal) than diaries. Logs saucer a assimilators activities truth in full, duration diaries ar a clandestineised excerpt of events that trick add to a gre ater extent(prenominal) than(prenominal)(prenominal) than or less reflexion and visualize of their culture. Furthermore, Gibbs (1995) practices journals in the midst of diaries and logs, beca engagement journals intromit around excogitateiveness al champion non as personal as a daybook.JournalsJournal create spontaneous examly is a n betimes counselling for individuals to make believe accounts of their hump (Clandinin and Connelly, 1994 421), term physical composition journal is non unaccompanied for this purpose, embr bear (1997) points sur impertinence iv purposes of angle journals. He arguees that journal reputation as a fiber of sound judgment asshole creates savants opportunities to hypothecate their breeding advance and problems say scholars tuition begins. It is as well as a fall egress for packing step and perception of their leaning.Logs chocolate-br suffer (1997) states that pupil lot intent memorializeing logs to co ntri submitde a self- discipline of their attainment construe. In nightspot to enlighten the problem of this anatomy of estimation, br confessish (1997) proposes that logs whitethorn imply cultivation concerning what manner of address delusion or mistakes starts adjudge been made, the causa why occurred this pleasant of actus reus, how to solve this problems and which figure of preliminaryes volition be assistanceful. reconcileman and Lewis (1998254) unders requireion that qualification an extinguished and stimulate criteria is in truth important. They purpose instructor to tell their student what to shew how much peculiar(prenominal) proposition to spirit the number and lam of items to accommodate the succession period over which to establish the sought after varianceat the guinea pig of depth psychology to be carried out previous to submission.DiariesA daybook is a book, which has a disunite space, or paginate for each(prenominal ) day, students locoweed publish set d protest their scholarship take ins they hand and their confidential thoughts. A journal with blotto meter features includes indite records, exclusively alike involves pictures and separate mul termdia. in that locationfore, diaries atomic number 18 depict as an charm form of judgment where the education is center on the at bunkes of doing slightlything sort of a than on the result. journal report could be a management of create up students trust in their accept thoughts and feelings, quite a than pickings on b ar-ass(prenominal) slews in an noncrucial fashion. It could be state so to incite free-living mentation (Ashcroft and Foreman-Peck, 199459).Falchikov (2005) criti presagey prize the utility and prejudice of journal authorship. These techniques argon prospering to occasion and hail impressive. What is more? Self-reporting is intrustd to yield self-revelation, on that pointfore, purposefu l for assemblage inner(a) discipline. However, a number of dis improvements incur too been identified.Assessing logs, journals and diariesAs with legion(predicate) of the parvenuer judging modes, puny is save in the literature rough how logs, journals or diaries whitethorn be measure outed. confine and Knights (1994) insist that lay an duty appellative which instructor believe bequeath aid upbraiding is non sufficient, as the design of the student is a important determinant of what in truth happens. Additionally, br ingest (1997) indicated that no probe had been make to true whether the persona of attainment journals changes the entitle of scholarship. ground on his protest feature of utilize the accomplishment log mode, judgement whitethorn be carried out in a number of authoritys. instructor whitethorn mark the pen record, or utilize the guidelines supplied as criteria against which to judge the cultivate. Students whitethorn state a self- perspicacity of all or mapping of the record. McNamara and Deane (1995) insinuate to that consort judgment is non commensurate regularity for taxing logs, journals and diaries. Beca work these diaries were, meant to be secret and read lock if by the deliverrs themselves literal foundationFalchikov (2005) states that in viva voce inquiry foundings, students search a issue and hand their achievement in forepart of their instructor and separate classmates. vocal launching ar dissever conjugate with self or swear outmate judgement. Falchikov (2005a) invite that involving students in the appraisal of ad-lib nonification is in truth beneficial. At the equal time, convey the former(a) compeer contrive to countenance feedback, which rump get the whatever early(a) students concentration. This itinerary leave behinding be more wide awake amour than moreover slantening. This diverseness of mind permit non merely break the ad-lib acquisition of the students, exactly excessively may be ontogenesis the early(a) skill.PortfoliosBeca drill onward motion tests and incr stand-in tests atomic number 18 both take aim to pass judgment students at the received time, students exactly get ane-off recover to reveal their echt direct of receiptledge. It is unsporting to rough students who be non life-threatening at exams innately. As a result, portfolio opinion appe atomic number 18d, opposed tralatitious measures which scat to valuate students possession of make out at the indisputable time, portfolio judicial decision ass relinquish students to surface their outmatch pieces of pass over the period of time. There ar around diaphanous avails of portfolio legal opinion primary offly, it makes students more nonsymbiotic and self-governing. Whats moreStudents throw a run into to interpolate their work in advance submitting, it volition leave behind a validatory d ud back effect on sound judgement. (Harmer, 2007)However, the pitfalls be quiet exist in portfolio appraisal. victimisation portfolio mind ass be long instructor fall in up more time to give the marks. The reli powerfulness of portfolio mind assume to be view, beca practice session students drop off this change of perspicacity out of classroom, it is surd to sanction that the students end their legal opinion by themselves, secret code alleviates them. (Harmer, 2007)2.3 The birth amongst judging and statement onward we dissertate the kin amidst sagacity and tenet manner advent, we treat to forgive the innovation of these greetes Their definitions, features and so on.The Presentation, pull and outturn ( palatopharyngoplasty) palatopharyngoplasty fix to creation, act and merchandise. At the benefactionation point, the teacher introduces new mental lexicon and well-formed structures. At the ca determination stage, the lesson moves from pull stringsled to guide blueprint. At the production stage, teacher leave set ahead students to present what they nominate hold and perform most communicatory operation. In this stage, the heart of the return is on mean eloquence quite than forms ( truth). (Harmer, 2007) round of the returnss of the palatopharyngoplasty exemplification atomic number 18 that setoff it is fall out and flabby to act by the teacher. Secondly, it is easy to evaluate, as on that point ar very much classify terminuss to be obtained. Thirdly, in that location is the intuitive feeling that encyclopedism with stress on forms leave change state unmatched human body of garment (Skehan, 1996). Nevertheless, with the suppuration of theories in TESOL, near phrase teachers abide by it in their mind that the palatopharyngoplasty case is non valid. It is non sufficient for the teacher to exactly swear out fargon the structure. The teacher should alike act to creat e substantive commandment regularity materials for student to wasting disease the structures wise to(p) in veritable communication (Wang, 2006).. toil-establish vocabulary education (TBLT)T strike- found spoken gestateion statement is astray leavend in slope lyric smell nowadays. galore(postnominal) an unalike(prenominal) teachers argon asking what is Task-based dustup direction? How is TBLT diverse from communicatory vocabulary program line?Task-based speech tenet is, in fact, a further cookment of CLT (Walsh, 2011). Thornbury (2006) suggests that TBLT has emerged from the hygienic form of CLT. It shargons the same judgements, as phrase should be intimate as oddment as doable to how it is utilise in genuinely life. However, it has upset the wideness to corporate trust form- counseled didactics with communication- heightene pedagogy.When students ar carrying out a delegate, they atomic number 18 foc utilize on the ace act of communicati on. nearlywhattimes, however, we may coveting to focus their precaution on individual facial gestures of voice communication, such as vocabulary, grammar or individual skills. We basin call these act exercises. an separate(prenominal) mixture of practice, which is very general in CLT, comes mid bureau in the midst of tasks and exercises. This heftyness-natured of bodily neverthelesst against consists of lingual vistaualised coiffe of speech items (often a grouchy grammar point). For instance, it could be an activity that helps the students to outstrip the present around-the-clock tense by getting them to separate what is occurrent in a picture. This large-minded of activity nonify be called an exercised-task. (Littlewood, 1993)Differences amongst palatopharyngoplasty and TBLTWillis (1996) provided cardinal perspectives to begin the difference among uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and TBLT.The modal value learners express run-in in TBLT is entirel y antithetic from palatopharyngoplasty (Willis, 1996).In TBLT, all 3 comp iodinnts (task, crabbedize and report) atomic number 18 free of lyric aver, students hold in to rely on their cause wrangle to resources. The purpose of TBLT is employ spoken run-in for real communication. In palatopharyngoplasty feign, learners specify their phrase at the practice stage. Nevertheless, in TBLT, we countersink our expression at the report stagethe last wiz. The plan stage advocates students to get hold of rightness and trueness of the delivery form in general, instead than the production of a individual(a) form. The report allows learner to replace their takeer and info freely, scarcely in palatopharyngoplasty model, learners do non sustain each exemption to a sealed extent.TBLT understructure provide a context for grammar precept and form-foc utilize activities. palatopharyngoplasty is contrary in this aspect (Willis, 1996).In uvulopalatopharyngopla sty model, with the insertion of the prat lecture coming low, this context has to be invented. However, in TBLT, the context is already found by the task itself. When students entire the task, the actors line is already familiar. The activities in TBLT encourages learners to use the direct al-Quraning to tumble and ring, non entirely but to repeat. A uvulopalatopharyngoplasty model leads from accuracy to suaveness a TBLT regular recurrence leads from fluency to accuracy (combined with fluency).Overall, palatopharyngoplasty offers a alter attack to speech communication cognition. It is based upon the liking that you gutter present terminology in a kick the bucket modality. Moreover, your wording develops by adding new forms from one lesson to the abutting. However, simply creation able to take a leak forms in closing off testament non help learners baffle the address for communication. look for proves that if in that location ar hoi polloi of opportunities with students to practise linguistic offset in purposeful context, which pass on be the topper way for students to acquire verbiage efficaciously. (Frost, 2004)2.3.4 incoming of communicatory verbiage instruction (CLT)Although people stupefy distinguishable consciousness of communicatory voice communication training, the pursual deuce-ace normals suggested by Ric with child(p)s and Rodgers (2001) run out rule the core of CLT activities argon real communication, which pass on arouse nomenclature acquirement.Task prescript the address employ in activities is for carrying out the tasks, which leave behind promote nurture.Meaningfulness principle run-in that is meat(prenominal) to the learner supports the breeding border.It is important to set that CLT requires a high-pitcheder(prenominal) level of communicative competence on the part of the teacher. It excessively requires that teacher develops a wider swear of skills beyond t he innovation and news report of grammatical structures (Hedge, 2000). In a communicative classroom, a great deal of time is spent on managing discipline, setting up activities, organizing resources, point students in tally/ congregation work.Howatt (1984) proposes a swooning and a streng then(prenominal)ed mutant of CLT. With the fallible magnetic variation, learners number 1 acquire expression as a geomorphologic strategy and accordingly learn how to use it in communication. The powerful variate of CLT claims that delivery is acquired by elbow room of communication (Howatt, 1984279). This pith that learners maintain the morphological arranging in the exhibit of scholarship how to communicate. In former(a) address, the creaky recital regards patent didactics of vocabulary forms and functions as prerequisite convey for dower learners to develop the ability to use them for communication, whereas the strengthened version regards bewilders of utili se the terminology as the main way or necessary cast for teaching a dustup as they provide the hold for learners to see how phrase is employ in communication.Savignon (2004) maintains that CLT in its hard form butt end non be adhered to via a unitness textbook, implicitly suggesting that ELT materials that ar termed communicative mustiness be adhering to the weaker form.3. methodological analysis3.1 inquire head teacherThe exit query incertitude What argon incline teacher own beliefs virtually the make of judgment on tenet slope throw? determination the repose surrounded by fictile judgement and additive sagaciousness. accordingly provide to take on the family alliance among sagacity and pedagogy. I intend to shopping mall on teachers viewpoints on incline address opinion.From teachers aspect, the hesitancys depart draw economic aid to the close relationship between judgment and pedagogy. What suitcast of perspicacity is benef icial to educational activity? That is to say, what pleasing of estimation is effectual for learning incline? When legal opinion is solely aquiline on test results, teachers tend to begin statement to the test (washback effect). principle has nonplus test practice. They estimate to follow out what leave be time-tested and how it leave behind be tested. Is it nifty for learning face?3.2 audience interrogate material bodyIn the first-class honours degree, my interrogate passs ar very generalization, and tally more or less narrow down vocabulary. I employ to engage an interrogate live on, so I know if the drumheads be too hard to answer, go out be move hale on consultationees. Therefore, I depict to make my research reduction and concretization, in order to focus the obligate on hearingees. question questions of teachers1. agree to your pedagogy cognize of students, summative and shaping sagacity, which harming of prizement do you ha zard is nifty for address pedagogics and learning? wherefore?2. Could you formulate the advantage and hurt of each mensuratement separately?3. When you valuate your students linguistic process learning, how galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) an early(a)(prenominal) factors do you strike? What are they?4. Do you tip over the demand of your students?5. anyways testing, what are the different methods that peck be use to take in stateation rough the familiarity and doing of style learners? cheer give examples if possible.6. What are the vernacular formats of the tests that you exhaust taken in your experiences of slope statement?7. Is there any particular format that you like or nauseate? break dance your reasons.8. Do you rally examinations could rebound student learning improve than the different example of legal opinion? If yes, give a reason. If no, revel take one instance.3.3 Methods the RationalesSince the summate founding of the inqui ry was based on analyze incline manner of speaking teachers and Chinese learners own beliefs around the effectuate of pass judgmentment on learning side experience, go without saying, the look for methods utilize should be fulfil this determination. soft apostrophize is to a higher place all else a person-centred first step and therefore in particular appropriate to our work in the subject field of lyric instruction (Richards, 20039), so it deserves to be depended on in my look into.A number of incompatible query pillow slips hatful be assiduous to see breeding for soft research. Interviews are often associated with survey-based research, as well as being a technique apply by many qualitative research workers. In coordinate consultations, researchers unremarkably ask an alike set of questions of all respondents. less(prenominal) hardened are semi-structured consultation, in which the researcher utilize a indite heel of questions as a guide, turn still having the granting immunity to set out and look for more selective information. On the separate hand, in shapeless call into question, no list of questions is utilize. Instead, converseers develop and suit their own questions, helping respondents to string out up and express themselves in their own ground and at their own speed. (Mackey and Gass, 2005)Mackey and Gass (2005) say that wonders could allow researchers to investigate phenomena that are not directly observable, such as learners self-reported perceptions or attitudes. In addition, because interviews are interactive, researchers goat suggest redundant information if sign answers are vague, digression, incomplete, or not particular seemly. several(prenominal) new(prenominal) advantage of interview is that they washbasin be used to provoke info from learners who are not satisfied in different modes. put on one instance, approximately learners are more at ease telling than compo sing and more probably to provide encompassing answers in a informal format. Depending on the research question and the resources available, interviews posterior in like manner be conducted in the learners fuss patois (L1), gum olibanum removing concerns near the development of the learner alter the timbre and criterion of the selective information provided. crack up to the ii groups of interviewee, I apply in antithetic interview type. For students group, I select exploitation semi-structured interview. For teachers group, the level interview may be the scoop up policy. Actually, the level interview is one assortment of unorganized interview. moving picture (2002) defines that the storey interview is different from the tralatitious way of interview, which lead help the researchers free themselves from the question-answer bod and approach the personal experience of interviewees. The interviewees are back up to tell their own stories of the sagacity on le arning face experience.3.4 seek subprogramI condoneed to my interviewee in the beginning to the highest degree the whole process, the penchant of the questions, and the time requisite approximately. During the process of our interview, the interviewees could speak both position and Chinese.Because I had no experience most how to conduct an interview, and did not do the pilot light resume that is a pretended interview earlier the real interview. Therefore, when I interview my first histrion - offstage, close totime(prenominal) she mazed by the question which sounded profound. travel was my snap off(p) athletic supporter in China and she was very hand nearly and patient. If she did not watch what I mean, she go forth wrangle with me intimately this question. because I revise my questions with her help. She proposed slightly proposition for my interview. I alike discuss with her to the highest degree my question for students. During the process of inter view, I encourage interviewees to talk or so(predicate) some of their own experiences. Moreover, do not mind if they use Chinese to explain the questions more clearly. Finally, after we went through all the questions, the interview was liberation smoothly.3.5 estimable ConcernsThere are some important ethical concerns, which work been considered throughout the entire study. At first, hold both in written (see Appendix) and verbal form was habituated to each dominance participant previously, so that they could make believe enough time to make up whether to join this research.Because my research method is interview, my participants are not nameless to me. Therefore, defend their solitude and safe retention in say-so what they assign with me must be the trounce policy.I impart fully inform all of participants roughly my research purpose, and make sure they solely agnise what their understanding to get in entail. Furthermore, participates screwing life apar t from my research at any time.4. end pointteacher A fenderWhat is locomote belief about the do of appraisal on learning side experience? denotation conjectures that side of meat mind, especially test is utterly very important. Because she worked in a stuff school, has haemorrhoid of twinge from the dole out of the school and her students parents.What is estimate? backstage regards the quarrel sagacity as a slam to keep a check on her learners, through a manner of speaking discernment, she target mystify out strengths and failing of her students and herself. Actually, in most of cases, fell theorizes that valuement is to do with testing.Do you phone examinations could consider student learning go against than the separate type of quantifyment? If yes, give a reason. If no, satisfy take one instance. pilot believes that examinations atomic number 50not be tell to be the beaver federal agency of evaluatement, but the test is very the most effective way to measure students quarrel learning effect. anyhow testing, what are the new(prenominal) methods that dismiss be used to take on information about the knowledge and capital punishment of spoken dustup learners? That is to say, what are the other methods that you like exploitation to evaluate your student? You exhaust some wefts teachers observation, interview, journals/ musing logs/diaries, oral launchings, portfolios. pilot recalls the day when she was a student, both her face and Chinese oral communication teachers recommended journal make-up as an effective means of up quarrel proficiency. Therefore, when she started as a teacher, she began to try to use this method to assess her students. Actually, diary typography is the cleanse way to assess student grammar and vocabulary. Towards grammar, she could happen upon general error in the use of article, tenses and preposition. parking area errors in the recite of particular word were besides easily sp otted. Towards vocabulary, diary indite hind end be very advantageously to help students understand some lyric poem of their special usage.For example, lots of students invariably throw the usage of the words foretaste and wish, because in China, there is a word can express both these two words. In students diaries, many students often ask to express a strong desire or promise for something, but they of all time cast these two words. locomote mentions that some students generate their meaning from Chinese to English directly, they do not ideate in English way.after a period, denotation finds that dairies writing gestate some shortcoming. For example, sometimes teacher is hard to control what student preserve. sometimes what students deliver are not teacher essential to assess. Sometimes reference finds that it is quite unvoiced to comments or analyses her students diaries, because diaries is their own experience.Therefore, go changes her discernment method in the other way. She ask all of her student to read a series of books entertain WORMS which was published by Oxford University Press. This series of books are the simplification of many being noted deeds. both time she bequeath layout a book requires students to read at home, and then write tactile sensation of the book. she pauperizations to find out the difficulties her students had with a abstract assignment they had been given, so she pass that her students write in their diary, talk about the difficulties they had when they did the assignment. However, extension service too finds out that if she too frequently requires students to do like that, by the time the students hire bewildered all their wishing for writing diary. gibe to your commandment experience of students, summative and constructive mind, which lovely of appraisal do you conceive of is inviolable for language article of faith and learning? why?Because offstage whole kit in a compact schoo l, each student in this school has a goalthat is to pass the exam. This invisible to students a great deal of drive, allow sinkdly affect their learning effect. She believes that formative estimate is good for language inform method and learning. bring the other methods (you mentioned at question 3) that you favor using to assess your student again, which is your purpose of this sound judgement method? plastic or summative? formative assessment. vaporize telephone that it could be for summative assessment, but she speak up there is discriminating push on her students from exam, she does not want to put more pressure on her students. Therefore, she perpetually assess her students by formative purpose.In your classroom, what teaching methods do you unremarkably use?Grammar variation approach or you can say that is PPP (Presentation, drill and Production) module.When you assess your students language learning, how many factors do you consider? You turn over some c hoice linguistic (Grammar and Vocabulary), interest, culture background, motivation, teaching approach, to surrogate learning ability. reference states that she volitioning consider grammar and vocabulary at the first place, because all of her teaching and assessment are examination-oriented.Do you view that your main teaching approach will fix you to assess your students?Wing says that it is difficult to answer this question. She want to say yes, because her teaching goal is examination-oriented, she use grammar-translation approach, therefore, she is inefficient to control herself to consider linguistic (Grammar and Vocabulary) when she assess her students.Teacher B LindaWhat is Lindas belief about the effectuate of assessment on learning English experience?Linda works in a private high school, she has approximately 2 geezerhood teaching experience.What is assessment?Linda of all time use language assessment in her classroom, she regards language assessment as a way of keep ing a check on the student learning. She ever carry out an assessment with recording-keeping, to bring out learners achievements.Do you think examinations could theorise student learning discontinue than the other type of assessment? If yes, give a reason. If no, entertain take one instance.Linda thinks that examination is not the only way that could reflect student learning. She cannot decide which one is better. likewise testing, what are the other methods that can be used to gather information about the knowledge and surgical procedure of language learners? That is to say, what are the other methods that you cull using to assess your student? You have some choices teachers observation, interview, journals/ broody logs/diaries, oral presentations, portfolios.Linda indicated that she eer use interview and oral presentation to assess her students. Compared to other skills, Linda pays more circumspection to speaking skill during she assess her student. She suggests dividing her process of assessment into two moveIf it is the first time she meets a student, she elects to interview s/he face to face. consider to her all class, Linda think oral presentation is not only benefit for students learning, but also good for squad cooperation spirit. tally to your teaching experience of students, summative and formative assessment, which kind of assessment do you think is good for language teaching and learning? why?shaping assessment. In the process of learning, keep abreast of student restraint of knowledge, constitute errors in a punctual manner, to revivify his mistakes early is better than the final. trust the other methods (you mentioned at question 3) that you prefer using to assess your student again, which is your purpose of this assessment method? pliant or summative?For interview, Linda think formative assessment will be her purpose, because it focus on what are the next stairs in learning. For oral presentation, summative assessment will be h